From 1904 to 1914, with his wife and three adopted children, Taylor lived in Philadelphia.
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Taylor retired at age 45 but continued to devote time and money to promote the principles of scientific management through lectures at universities and professional societies. He served a long list of prominent firms ending with the Bethlehem Steel Corporation while at Bethlehem he developed high-speed steel and performed notable experiments in shoveling and pig-iron handling. Taylor might have enjoyed a brilliant full-time career as an inventor-he had more than 40 patents to his credit-but his interest in what was soon called scientific management led him to resign his post at Midvale and to become general manager of the Manufacturing Investment Company (1890–93), which in turn led him to become a consulting engineer in management,” a profession that Taylor himself developed. The following year he became chief engineer at Midvale and completed the design and construction of a novel machine shop. Studying at night, Taylor earned a degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1883. Though the Taylor system provoked resentment and opposition from labour when carried to extremes, its value in rationalizing production was indisputable and its impact on the development of mass production techniques immense. Essentially, Taylor suggested that production efficiency in a shop or factory could be greatly enhanced by close observation of individual workers and elimination of waste time and motion in their operation. The profession of time study was founded on the success of this project, which also formed the basis of Taylor’s subsequent theories of management science. In 1881, at age 25, he introduced time study at the Midvale plant. Our earliest human ancestors invented the wheel, but who invented the ball bearing that reduces rotational friction? Let the wheels in your head turn while testing your knowledge of inventors and their inventions in this quiz.
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